Written by Jillian Ratnavale Introduction Climate change has become a driving force behind widespread droughts, desertification, and crop failure in the Horn of Africa. These impacts have displaced millions of people across Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya, either internally or across borders. The growing scale of climate displacement demands legal recognition and protection. As global responses…

Written by Samantha Johnson Introduction Under Article 2(4) of the United Nations (“U.N.”) Charter, all Member States have an obligation to refrain from the threat or use of force against another State. Despite this, on June 22, 2025, the United States (“U.S.”) conducted its first act of military involvement in the conflict between Israel and…

Written by Ximena Itan Dehui Reyes Torres Introduction On March 15, 2025, President Trump issued a proclamation invoking the Alien Enemies Act to facilitate the removal of “[a]lien enemies” to “any such location . . . consistent with applicable law.” Pursuant to the proclamation, more than 230 noncitizens were removed to El Salvador and immediately…

Written by Ashley Rooney Introduction Italy has the largest recorded population of voluntary emigrants in modern history, with 13 million people leaving the country between 1880 and 1915 alone. However, in the 1970s, Italy experienced a shift from its status as an emigrant country to an immigrant country when large numbers of people relocated to…

Written by Martin Ma Since 1950s, there has been a surge in the immigration population to the United States despite some fluctuations. Among this surging immigration population, there are large numbers of refugees coming from other parts of the world. The U.S. accommodates refugees out of humanitarian concerns. However, refugees affect the U.S. from the…

Written by Julie Gobble On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order that drastically reshaped the nation’s approach to capital punishment. The directive reverses Biden-era policies, expanding the federal government’s role in executions and mandating that it pursue capital punishment in all cases deemed severe enough to warrant it. It highlights explicitly…

Written by Erin Soro  The fashion industry has long been under scrutiny for its environmental impact. In recent years, brands have increasingly marketed themselves as “sustainable” or “carbon neutral.” Many of these claims constitute greenwashing—exaggerating or fabricating sustainability efforts to attract environmentally conscious consumers. Fashion brands have never been environmental darlings, but their use of carbon…

Written by Taylor Potenziano On August 7, 2024, Peru enacted Law 32107, more commonly known as the “impunity law.” The law establishes that no one can be prosecuted or sentenced for war crimes or crimes against humanity committed before July 1, 2002. The Popular Force party, led by Keiko Fujimori, the daughter of Peru’s notorious…

Written by Bolu Jegede   Introduction For the ninth year in a row, Libya remains a special case in the U.S. Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report, underscoring its persistent struggles with human trafficking and lawlessness amid ongoing instability. Libya ranks as one of the worst places for trafficking in the world, although the number…

Written by Dimitrios Kostaras               The illicit procurement of the Parthenon Marbles and the demand for their repatriation have remained a diplomatic strain between Britain and Greece for two centuries. In the early 19th century, the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, the 7th Lord Elgin, Thomas Bruce, forcefully…