Written by Sarah Wydra Introduction On August 13, 2025, the Norwegian Police Security Service disclosed pro-Russian hackers were likely behind a breach of the Bremanger dam’s control system in April 2025. The breach is attributed to a weak password and insufficient access controls. As a result, 500 liters of water per second were released for…

Written by Anthony Phan Introduction On October 10, 1967, the United Nations (“U.N.”) entered into force the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (“Outer Space Treaty”).The Outer Space Treaty, known as the “Magna Carta of Space,” was the…

Written by Katherine Angell Introduction On August 20, 2025, the United States sanctioned four individuals involved in International Criminal Court (“ICC”) proceedings against either U.S. individuals or Israel. The sanctions targeted two ICC judges, Kimberly Prost of Canada and Nicolas Guillou of France, in addition to two deputy prosecutors, Nazhat Shameem Khan of Fiji and…

Written by Lara Maluf-Mas I. Introduction In 1944, the Convention on International Aviation (“Convention”) established the framework for international aviation law and the International Civil Aviation Organization (“ICAO”). The ICAO, composed of 193 member states, develops standards and procedures for international civil aviation. The ICAO draws a strict distinction between civil and state aircraft: while…

Written by Caroline Montgomery Introduction In September 2023, the United Kingdom enacted the Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Act (“Legacy Act”) with the stated goal of “drawing a line under the Troubles” by ending most legal proceedings for Troubles-era crimes. The Legacy Act replaced prosecutions for troubles-era crimes and civil claims with a truth-recovery…

Written by Alexandra Schieferer Introduction The latest Arbitration Statistics from the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) reveal a rapidly shifting global landscape—while the United States remains a top-five destination for major commercial disputes, arbitral hubs like the UAE have surged onto the world stage, signaling that the old order is being challenged. As transatlantic businesses…